1. ミツバチの仕事は年齢により振り分けられている
働きバチの場合
1- 2日： 自分のセル（小部屋）の掃除。自分が生まれたところから始める。
3- 5日： 成熟した幼虫にエサをやる仕事。
6-11日： 一番若い幼虫にエサをやる仕事。
12-17日： ワックスを作り始め、巣を作り、食糧を運ぶ。
18-21日： 巣の入り口でガードマンの仕事。
22日より死ぬまで（40-45日）： 巣から飛び立ち、植物から花の蜜や花粉を集めてくる。
2. ミツバチは刺したときに常に死ぬわけではない
人を刺すと、ほとんどのセイヨウミツバチは死に至りますが、その他のものを刺した場合は死ぬとは限りません。針の返しになっている部分が皮膚に食い 込むと、針がミツバチと一体になっていることから内臓がちぎれてしまいますが、相手が昆虫などの場合は自分を痛めることなく何度も刺せるそうです。
3. ミツバチは世界が丸いことを知っており、角度計算ができる
ミツバチは花のありかや巣の場所を知らせるため、ダンスで合図することで知られています。この情報を元に、山の反対側の側面にしか食糧がないという状況下で実験が行われました。
ミツバチは山を越えることはできません。すると場所を知らせるために角度を計算したと言うのです。以前行ったことがない場所ったにもかかわらず、山 と自分たちを比例させて計算したようです。さらなる研究では地球の丸みを計算に入れていることが判明したそうです。ミツバチダンスは角度だけでなく、食糧 のある場所までどれくらい距離があるかも伝えているそうです。ミツバチは識別出来るような測定器を持たずして、距離を測る能力を持つ小さな数学オタクなの です。
4. ミツバチが世界一周に必要とするハチミツは、わずか28g
食糧を探すミツバチは、巣から8kmほど離れたところまで飛ぶことができます。集団では450gのハチミツを集めるために8万8500kmも飛びま す。そして一つの巣が冬を越すために必要な量より11kgも多い、27kgものハチミツを生産します。また、450gのハチミツを作りだすために200万 本の花から蜜を採集します。
5. ミツバチは体温調節が出来ない
ただし他の体温調節が出来ない動物とは違い、羽をこすりあわせることで体温を上昇させることができます。飛行中のハチは体温が50度ほどもあり、雨などに濡れると途端に飛べなくなります。巣は通常36度くらいに保たれています。
6. ハチミツの作り方
ミツバチは花の蜜と自身の持つ酵素と混ぜてハチミツを作ります。それを六角形の部屋に保存し、水分が17％に減るまで待ち、働きバチたちの食糧が必要になるときまで蜜蝋でフタを閉じます。
7. ミツバチはアメリカ産ではない
セイヨウミツバチはヨーロッパから持ち運ばれたもので、昔のネイティブ・アメリカンたちにはハチのことを「白人のハエ」と呼んだこともありました。
8. 女王バチの作り方
集団が膨れ上がると新しい女王蜂を作るのですが、そのプロセスは以下の段階を踏みます。
ステップ1： 20ほどの専用の女王蜂用の巣が作られる。
ステップ2： 現存の女王蜂がその巣に卵を産み付ける。
ステップ3： 世話係の働きバチがこの幼虫にロイヤルゼリーと呼ばれる栄養価の高い食事を与えながら、25ミリの長さになるまで巣の拡張を始める。
ステップ4： 産卵9日後に最初の女王の巣が何重もの蜜蝋で閉じられる。
ステップ5：
元の女王が年長のハチたちと共に巣を離れる準備をする。他のハチたちは元女王を飢えさせて細くし飛べるようにする。痩せ細ったところで女王に群れに参加す
るよう年長のハチたちを説得し、新しい巣作りの場所を求めて飛び立つ。この飛び立った群れは途中で何度か休憩し、偵察のハチたちが巣作りに最適の場所を探
しにいく。偵察バチが得た情報を元に新しい場所を定める。
ステップ6： 8日後、新女王が巣から出てくる。その時に小さな群れを引き連れ新しい場所へ飛び立って巣作りをするか、あるいは他の女王候補が寝ている巣に毒針を刺し、抹殺にかかる。
ステップ7： 新女王は外を飛び回り、新しい環境での適応を始める。
ステップ8： そして飛びながら20匹くらいのオスと交尾を始める。この交尾を終えた雄バチはまもなく死ぬ。
ステップ9： 3日後、新女王は一日2000個の割合で産卵を始める。受精した卵はメスの働きバチに、受精しなかった卵を雄に受精させると同じくオスバチになる。多いときでメスの働きバチは4万匹、雄バチは数百匹の集団で、女王は必ず1匹と決まっている。
ステップ10： この女王はこのコロニーが拡大し、新しい群れが作れる規模になるまで最低でも1年は留まり続ける。働きバチは40日ほどの寿命で、雄バチは交尾のあと死ぬか、冬の食糧を節約するため秋には巣から追い出される。一方の女王は最長5年ほど生きる。
9. 女王の死期が近づくと働きバチたちはニオイで察知する
女王の死が近いとフェロモンが消えるため、働きバチたちはすぐに気づきます。若くして女王が死んだ場合、働きバチたちはすぐに現在ある幼虫から新女王を作る作業に入ります。生まれて3日以内の幼虫さえいれば、ローヤルゼリーなどを与えることで女王は作れます。
10. 女王が変わると集団の特性や習性が変化する
コロニーの特性や習性によって攻撃性などに差があり、養蜂業者はハチたちをうまく管理しているのそうです。
らばQ:こんなに素晴らしいミツバチの10の秘密 (via darylfranz)
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I agree with Barry that Betsy Blairs politics is why the Kellys moved to Europe. I also think it is important to stress that Blairs left politics was a way for her to find a space in Kellys overwhelming shadow. I have not read Peter Wollens wonderful little book for over a decade and I think the importance of Blairs politics is stressed.
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